Bulwark Takes
Bulwark Takes
May 26, 2026

Eddie Glaude Is Sounding the Alarm. Are We Listening? | Bulwark Podcast

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Quick Read

Professor Eddie Glaude Jr. unpacks how America's milestone anniversaries consistently reveal the nation's "divided soul" regarding race and freedom, arguing that current political polarization echoes historical patterns of forgetting and white republicanism.
Historical anniversaries consistently expose America's "divided soul" between ideals of freedom and the reality of a white republic.
Movements like MAGA echo past efforts (e.g., the KKK in 1926) to define American identity through racial exclusion and a "remember and restore" narrative.
True national progress requires confronting a "tragic story" of historical failings, not just celebrating triumphs, and actively speaking back against narrowing visions of America.

Summary

Eddie Glaude Jr., author and Princeton professor, discusses his book "America USA: How Race Shadows the Nation's Anniversaries," arguing that at every major national anniversary (1876, 1926, 1976, and approaching 2026), the U.S. confronts its foundational contradiction: the simultaneous self-conception as a beacon of freedom and a white republic. He highlights how these anniversaries often involve a "massive act of forgetting" historical injustices, particularly concerning race, to foster a superficial unity. Glaude connects these historical patterns to contemporary political movements like MAGA, which he describes as promoting a "remember and restore" ideology that rejects a multi-racial democracy. He advocates for a "tragic story" of America that acknowledges its failings to foster national growth and urges collective action to counter narrowing visions of national identity.
Understanding how America has historically grappled (or failed to grapple) with race during moments of national celebration provides crucial context for current political divisions. Glaude's analysis reveals that contemporary challenges to multi-racial democracy are not new but rather cyclical manifestations of deep-seated national contradictions. This perspective is vital for anyone seeking to understand the roots of political polarization, the ongoing struggle for civil rights, and the potential paths forward for a more inclusive American future.

Takeaways

  • America's milestone anniversaries consistently force a confrontation with the nation's racial history and its self-perception.
  • The concept of American freedom was historically articulated as the possession of white Americans, to be given or taken away.
  • Historical "forgetfulness" during national celebrations often masks ongoing violence and injustice against minority groups.
  • The MAGA movement's "remember and restore" ideology rejects the idea of a "more perfect union" and aligns national purpose with a specific political agenda.
  • Grassroots organizing, like the Mississippi Day of Action, demonstrates a commitment to substantive policy changes beyond symbolic gestures.
  • Democratic messaging often fails to connect with working-class and working-poor communities, including black men, by relying on celebrity endorsements or appeals to historical voting sacrifices.
  • A "tragic story" of America, acknowledging its failings, is necessary for national growth and a more inclusive future.

Insights

1Trump's Cabinet as a Cult of Personality

The New York Times analysis of Trump's cabinet meetings revealed that one in six sentences either flattered him or criticized his predecessors, with officials frequently describing him as the sole person capable of "saving America." This reflects a "cult of personality" that deconstructs the administrative state and leads to policy debacles.

On average, one of every six sentences either flattered Mr. Trump or criticized Biden or Obama as compared to Trump. He's fre he's described frequently over the course of those meetings as the only person who can do various in his historic things including save America.

2America's Anniversaries and the Shadow of Race

At every milestone anniversary (Centennial 1876, Sesquicentennial 1926, Bicentennial 1976, and approaching 2026), the U.S. is compelled to tell a story about itself and its founding, inevitably confronting the "vexing question of what do we do with race." These moments reveal the nation's divided soul, struggling between being a beacon of freedom and a white republic.

at every milestone anniversary, uh, whether it's the centennial or the 150th or the bsentennial or now the country has to tell a story about itself... it confronts the vexing question of what do we do with race?

31876 Centennial: Forgetting and White Reunion

The 1876 Centennial occurred as Reconstruction was collapsing, marked by widespread violence in the South and efforts to suppress black political power. To achieve reunion between the North and South after the Civil War, a "massive act of forgetting" took place, erasing the causes of the war and the ongoing racial violence. This reunion was made possible by a shared sense of white identity, overcoming regional differences. Frederick Douglas was denied a speaking role at the exposition.

1876 is the first time we're going to tell a story about the nation in the aftermath of a of of the war that almost destroyed the nation... they're going to engage in this massive act of forgetting... what makes reunion possible between the south and the north is that they see themselves as white.

41926 Sesquicentennial: The Decade of the Klan and Immigration Act

The 1920s, often romanticized as the "jazz age," was fundamentally the "decade of the clan," which held immense political power. In 1924, the Klan-backed Immigration and Nationality Act was passed, establishing a restrictive immigration regime. The Klan even marched in Washington D.C. and sought to hold its convention at the Philadelphia exposition, symbolizing a celebration of the flag alongside cross-burning. This period also saw the founding of Negro History Week as a counter-narrative.

But it's really the decade of the clan... they helped pass the immigration act. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1924, which established the kind of immigration regime that many of the folk today want to return to... 1926 is this extraordinary period. But guess what happens also in 1926. It's also the moment in which Negro History Week is founded.

5MAGA's "Remember and Restore" Ideology

Calvin Coolidge's speech at the 1926 exposition emphasized that the nation's salvation was "secured at the founding" through enduring principles, advocating for remembering and restoring these rather than pursuing a "more perfect union." Glaude argues that MAGA gives this an "evangelical twist," rejecting multi-racial democracy and aligning the country's purpose with Donald Trump's aims, rather than focusing on progress or addressing minority rights.

Calvin Kulage is not interested in more perfect union talk. In other words, our salvation was secured at the founding because of these principles. MAGA gives that an evangelical twist... Only thing they want us to do is to understand that we are already saved.

6The Danger of Forgetfulness in Crisis

While acknowledging the human need to forget some things, Glaude argues that during milestone anniversaries, what a nation chooses *not* to remember exposes the limits of its conception of justice. In moments of "all-out assault on black life" and multi-racial democracy, forgetfulness makes individuals "accomplices in the ongoing horror" perpetrated by those who believe the country must be white or cease to exist.

what we choose not to remember often exposes the limits of our conception of justice... What does it mean to forget in this moment, right? It seems to me that forgetfulness makes us accompllices, right, in the ongoing horror, right, of those who believe that the country must be white or the country shouldn't be at all.

7Substantive Policy vs. Symbolic Gestures

Glaude critiques relying on symbolic gestures for progress, arguing for "substantive policy" that genuinely impacts working people and the working poor. He views policy proposals as often a way to "make ourselves feel good" rather than addressing fundamental choices about national identity.

I want substantive policy with regards to that... I don't want to offer a a policy because that's what we do in order to make ourselves feel good to make ourselves think that we're actually trying.

8The Choice: Beacon of Freedom or White Republic

America must make a fundamental choice: either be a "beacon of freedom" (which can be debated and defined) or a "white republic." These two identities are contradictory, and trying to be both will perpetuate cycles of conflict and prevent true national progress.

Either we're going to be a beacon of freedom and we can debate that... Or you're going to be a white republic... we have to make a choice and then to act accordingly we can't be both and otherwise we'll find ourselves in this position over and over again.

9Mississippi Day of Action: A Model for Grassroots Mobilization

The Day of Action in Mississippi, following the Clay decision, brought together a cross-generational and diverse group of about 5,000 people from 52 counties. The energy was focused on organizing and mobilizing, treating the challenge of gerrymandering as a "math problem" requiring increased voter registration and turnout to undermine assumptions. This demonstrated a commitment to power and policy addressing black Mississippi's circumstances, not just salvaging seats.

it was 82 counties in the state, 52 of them showed up... This is the numbers. So they were saying I remember hearing Derek Johnson basic president and CEO of NAACP he said this is a math problem right? So what do we need to do? How many do we need to get registered to vote and per each county in each county what should be our turnout numbers to just simply undermine the assumptions of their redrawing.

10Democratic Messaging Disconnect with Black Voters

Glaude argues that Democratic messaging often disconnects with working-class and working-poor black communities, particularly younger black men. The party relies too heavily on celebrity endorsements or appeals to historical voting sacrifices, failing to offer substantive policies that directly impact their lives or to engage with the nuanced political views (including conservative streaks) within these communities.

the Democratic messaging... there has been a disconnect between u the symbolic gestures and the policies that could actually impact working people and working poor people... they think that they can just trot out a whole bunch of celebrities and that'll be enough to turn black folk out and it's just not true. Or you just say people died for the vote and that's enough to turn them out. That's just not true.

Key Concepts

Divided Soul of the Nation

America simultaneously imagines itself as a beacon of freedom and a white republic. This inherent contradiction creates a "madness" that generates cycles of conflict and denial, particularly evident during milestone anniversaries when the nation attempts to define itself.

Storybook vs. Tragic History

The "storybook version" of American history emphasizes an idealized, linear progression towards freedom, often ignoring or downplaying historical failings and racial injustices. A "tragic story," in contrast, acknowledges these shortcomings, allowing for national growth and a more honest self-conception, which is crucial for achieving true justice.

Lessons

  • Actively "speak back" with the full diversity of the country against narrowing visions of American identity, especially during national celebrations like July 4th.
  • Engage in grassroots organizing and mobilization focused on substantive policy changes and voter turnout, rather than solely relying on traditional political messaging or symbolic gestures.
  • Demand that political entities address the specific circumstances of working people and working-poor communities with concrete policies, understanding that these groups are not looking to any single party for "salvation."

Notable Moments

The host, Tim Miller, poses a "case for forgetting" historical wrongs during national or personal celebrations, using analogies like high school graduation or a marriage anniversary.

This question directly challenges Glaude's central argument about the necessity of confronting a "tragic story" and highlights the tension between celebrating national identity and acknowledging its painful contradictions. It sets up Glaude's powerful counter-argument about how selective forgetting exposes limits of justice.

Glaude describes his student's insight: "Maybe it's not hope that we need. Maybe what we need to do is just simply tell the truth with love lit by rage. And maybe that will open the door for a new way of us being together."

This moment encapsulates a powerful alternative to conventional political approaches, suggesting that raw honesty, fueled by both love for the country and anger at its injustices, might be a more potent catalyst for change than mere optimism.

Quotes

"

"This sausage fest of mediocrity as it were. And these are the folk who are talking about merit. These are the folk who are beating us over the heads about about excellence and talent and and you know earning one's way."

Eddie Glaude Jr.
"

"America imagines itself at once Tim as a beacon of freedom and as a white republic. And and because you can't hold those two things together without contradiction, it deposits a kind of madness at the heart of the country that generates these cycles that we see in a telescoped way uh during these anniversaries."

Eddie Glaude Jr.
"

"The country was going to celebrate its flag and burn a cross at the same time."

Eddie Glaude Jr.
"

"Instead of telling a storybook version of freedom in the country, we need to tell a more tragic story, right? One that that that that takes seriously our failings, our shortcomings that will allow us to grow up as a nation."

Eddie Glaude Jr.
"

"What we choose not to remember often exposes the limits of our conception of justice. What we choose to forget often, right, shines a glaring light on the gaping holes in our ideas of justice."

Eddie Glaude Jr.
"

"Democracy at its best is a disinterested form of love. You don't have to be a member of my family. You don't have to be a member of someone that I love deeply. It's just I want good for you."

Eddie Glaude Jr.
"

"Maybe it's not hope that we need. Maybe what we need to do is just simply tell the truth with love lit by rage. And maybe that will open the door for a new way of us being together."

Eddie Glaude Jr.

Q&A

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