Quick Read

Federal legal ethics expert Scott Cummings details how the Department of Justice under Trump sought to undermine state bar oversight of federal lawyers, posing a direct threat to the rule of law and democratic institutions.
Federal lawyers are legally bound by state ethics rules, but the Trump DOJ sought to bypass this via new regulations.
The DOJ's actions, including a lawsuit against the DC bar, aimed to immunize government lawyers from accountability for unethical conduct.
This systemic attack on legal ethics threatens the independence of the justice system and democratic guardrails.

Summary

Scott Cummings, a UCLA Professor of Legal Ethics, discusses the critical role of legal ethics in safeguarding democracy, particularly concerning federal government lawyers. He explains that federal lawyers are bound by state ethics rules, as mandated by the McDade Amendment. Cummings highlights how lawyers can facilitate anti-democratic actions, citing examples from the 2020 election efforts. The conversation focuses on the Trump administration's attempts to insulate Department of Justice (DOJ) lawyers from state bar discipline through proposed regulations and a lawsuit against the DC bar, effectively trying to 'capture' the legal profession. Cummings uses the 'slush fund litigation' as an example of a massive conflict of interest and discusses the weaponization of legal processes based on false pretenses. He expresses skepticism about the resilience of institutions against these attacks and calls for continued vigilance and action from the legal community.
The independence of the legal profession and the ethical accountability of government lawyers are fundamental to upholding the rule of law and preventing executive overreach. Attempts to exempt federal lawyers from state bar oversight directly threaten this crucial check on power, potentially enabling the weaponization of the justice system for political ends and eroding democratic guardrails.

Takeaways

  • Federal government lawyers are subject to state bar ethics rules under the McDade Amendment, a long-standing federal statute.
  • The Trump administration's DOJ proposed regulations and filed a lawsuit to effectively exempt its lawyers from state bar disciplinary actions, particularly in cases like Jeffrey Clark's disbarment proceedings.
  • This effort is viewed as an attempt to 'capture' the legal profession and remove a critical check on executive power, enabling the weaponization of legal processes for political ends.

Insights

1Federal Lawyers are Bound by State Ethics Rules

The McDade Amendment, a federal statute, mandates that federal government lawyers adhere to the ethics rules of the state or jurisdiction in which they practice. There is no federal license to practice law; licenses are issued by states, making federal lawyers accountable to state bar associations.

Scott Cummings states, "federal government lawyers in particular are in fact bound by the ethics rules of the state or jurisdiction in which they practice. This is a long-standing federal statute called the McDate Amendment." He further clarifies, "there is not a federal mandatory federal bar... you have to have a valid license from a state."

2Lawyers Can Facilitate Anti-Democratic Actions

While lawyers are often seen as champions of the rule of law, they can also facilitate the emergence of anti-democratic forces. This occurs when lawyers choose to engage in institutional attacks, such as those seen in the 2020 election efforts, rather than upholding their oath to the rule of law.

Cummings notes, "lawyers can help facilitate the emergence of anti-democratic forces and autocracies." He adds, "after 2020, like many of us I was shocked at seeing lawyers on the front lines of an attack on this fundamental democratic institution free and fair election."

3Government Lawyers Have Higher Ethical Obligations

Government lawyers are held to a higher ethical standard than private lawyers. Their accountability is to the broader public and constitutional values, not solely to the president's personal or political interests. They are expected to act as gatekeepers against executive overreach and uphold the Constitution.

Cummings explains, "government lawyers have higher obligations... They're really accountable to the broader public... ultimately accountable to upholding constitutional values. So, you know, they're they're not the president's lawyer."

4DOJ's Proposed Regulations to Bypass State Bar Oversight

The Department of Justice, under Todd Blanch's authority, promulgated a rule that would effectively disable state and DC bar regulatory oversight over DOJ lawyers. The rule suggests that internal review by the DOJ's Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) must precede any state bar action, despite OPR allegedly being 'captured' by loyalists.

Cummings describes the rule: "before any Department of Justice lawyer faces oversight or discipline by by their state bar, they first have to be reviewed internally by the Office of Professional Responsibility within the Department of Justice." He adds, "this OPR is no longer independent and so the idea that it would have the first cut at evaluating ethical misconduct by government lawyers is a sham."

5DOJ Lawsuit Against DC Bar Challenges Federal Supremacy

The DOJ filed a lawsuit against the DC bar in the context of Jeffrey Clark's disbarment case, arguing that the DC bar is violating the federal supremacy clause by punishing a government lawyer for actions claimed to be within the normal course of serving the executive. This lawsuit aims to test the boundaries of the McDade Amendment and immunize federal lawyers from bar oversight.

Cummings states, "Blanch signs a complaint against the DC bar in the Clark case... the argument is essentially that the DC bar is violating the federal supremacy clause by punishing a government lawyer for representing the government in the normal course of action."

Lessons

  • Speak out in favor of bar associations engaging in their role to hold government lawyers accountable for ethical violations.
  • Raise alarms about the various ways the independence of bar associations is being attacked by administrations seeking to undermine oversight.
  • Document and bring cases detailing ethical violations by lawyers at the highest levels of government to push bar associations to fulfill their responsibilities.

Notable Moments

In 2020, top DOJ lawyers, including acting Attorney General Jeff Rosen, threatened to resign en masse if Jeffrey Clark and President Trump proceeded with a scheme to falsely claim election irregularities. This collective resistance prevented the subversion of the election.

This event demonstrated that institutionalist lawyers, committed to constitutional protection, can effectively act as a critical guardrail against executive attempts to undermine democratic processes, highlighting the power of collective ethical stands.

Quotes

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"Government lawyers have higher obligations. So, they're not just run-of-the-mill lawyers for good reason, right? Because they don't have a client in the normal sense... They're really accountable to the broader public and in the context of lawyers in the Department of Justice. They're conventionally understood to represent the executive branch and are ultimately accountable to upholding constitutional values."

Scott Cummings
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"If lawyers for the government are able to create facts and then advance these very very damaging legal schemes based on on on on false facts then we're in a really really dangerous place for a democracy."

Scott Cummings
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"This contemporary backsliding really occurs through legal mechanisms. So this is no longer what Kim Shepley famously called tanks on the street. This is armies of lawyers who are who are who are called into service to to figure out ways in which through legal means these autocrats can break down barriers to their power."

Scott Cummings

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